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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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I put /var/lib/flatpak in a separate btrfs subvolume. Timeshift only takes a snapshot of the root and home subvolumes.
Oh. BTRFS is alien to me man. But a lot of people recommending it to counter the storage constraints. I have to learn it first.
You can make this work using ext and Timeshift rsync. I have also opted to exclude /var/lib/flatpak/ because it's quite large. With that, my 5 snapshots currently take up about 34 GB.
However, I would recommend backing up your deb applications/packages (typically installed under/usr), as those can be critical for your system.
Thank you for the suggestion.
When I did dual boot (good riddance) I gave Linux <100 GB and rest to Windows. I had additional storage partitions but in long term they made management harder for me so I mounted Windows partition for additional space. Here are my recommendations:
- Merge "Mint" and "Timeshift" partitions.
- Use BTRFS if you can. In rsync mode of timeshift, the disk will hold 2 copies of your current system + changes between snapshots. In BTRFS there will be 1 copy + changes. BTRFS also supports compression.
- System wide flatpaks are in /var/lib/flatpak/app. Flatpak installed for one user only are installed somewhere in ~/.var. Keep in mind that home directory is not backed up by default.
- If you can, ditch dual boot. If the reason of keeping Windows is MS Office or Adobe apps, you can install them on Wine.
Merge "Mint" and "Timeshift" partitions.
I thought (also most people said) keeping the Backup in same partition as root defeats the purpose of Backup and brings certain inconvenience like can't just delete the partition. Also I don't know if its possible to restore a backup from a partition to the same partition itself.
Use BTRFS if you can.
I'm aware that BTRFS has certain adavantages. But the whole BTRFS is alien to me, as I'm new to Linux. Also I assumed that BTRFS doesn't have enough community support as ext4 is default on Linux and many people just aren't bothered to change it.
If you can, ditch dual boot. If the reason of keeping Windows is MS Office or Adobe apps, you can install them on Wine.
I only use Windows for DaVinci Resolve Free. And for the possibility of requiring Windows exclusive programs in the future as I'm an Engineering Student.
System wide flatpaks are in /var/lib/flatpak/app. Flatpak installed for one user only are installed somewhere in ~/.var. Keep in mind that home directory is not backed up by default.
Thank You.
Btrfs is well supported.
Btrfs uses snapshots and subvolumes. It is not a traditional partition and can restore to itself.
I think Timeshift is primarily a snapshotting tool for a quick rollback if something breaks. I would not consider it a full backup tool, there are tools that are much more robust and configurable for keeping files safe and elsewhere.
I would recommend using Timeshift. BTRFS mode can create local snapshots and rsync mode can be used to backup to external media. Timeshift can exclude directories based on user preferences.
BTRFS mode can create local snapshots
So BTRFS can't create external backups?
Btrfs can send a snapshot to another machine, but there is no pretty gui for it.
Most file systems cannot do this.
How about just another partition on the same disk though?
there are tools that are much more robust and configurable for keeping files safe and elsewhere.
But AFAIK, Only Pika Backup has intuitive GUI. And It's auto backup doen't work on Mint 21.3 cause of some old packge. So I sticked to TimeShift.
Vorta, Deja Dup (duplicity), duplicati are some others.
All of utilities you suggested are awesome.
Which one do you suggest? And why?
As the other user says, btrfs is well supported. In fact it is preferable in your case, as it allows you to use transparent compression for the whole system. In addition, btrfs snapshots are also drastically safer and faster.
So, I have to Install my whole system again? I just started before a month though.
You can convert it from ext4 to btrfs, but I don't know how well it works. If you are going to do it, I suggest you check it carefully and make a backup.
Thanks.