è l'ora del martello
Ah yes, teams as valuable as FIRST-Judd Racing, true legends of motorsport
Then your meme makes no sense. The three teams at the bottom picture aren't bidding for a 11th entry, so there is no point in comparing them. They can't "bring" value to F1 (whatever value they have is already part of F1) and they have proven to be much more competitive than the backmakers of the '80s, '90s, '00s or '10s. Andretti is quite likely to be similar to those old-time backmakers (no experience in chassis, no technical partnership with an established F1 team, a project with 4 different sites between America and Europe that somehow is even worse than Haas') and has failed to prove that they bring enough money in the long-run to offset the costs associated to a new entry: FOM is purely motivated by greed, if they thought that Andretti could bring loyal spectators and not just a short-timed fad, they would be in.
And if you take a look at reddit (yeah, I know I shouldn't), there is a lot of people that are seriously proposing forcing one of the existing teams to sell to Andretti or even kicking them out of F1. So it wasn't totally out of question that this meme was advocating for replacing one if the existing teams.
Pfff... who would want a team with 45 years of history, 9 WCC, 7 WDC, 114 wins and 128 podiums, and that last season scored points 8 times and had 7 Q3 appearances. It's so much better to have a team that hasn't designed and/or built a chassis in the last two decades!
Always has been 🌍 🔫
Geneva's checklist
from defending itself against Hamas before Israel achieves meaningful security goals
Please explain to me, in what world "defending against Hamas" (which are islamist terrorists) and "achieving meaningful security goals" includes bombing a Greek Orthodox Christian church?
Everything, not everyone
Are "human animals" things or ones?
It's funny that, except for Haas, the launch dates are more or less in reverse expected championship order
Nope. The topic at hand is free ice-ceam. A topic that you, as a rational adult, can understand that is 100% literal and not at hyperbolic example to make a point about general trends and not a single specific item.
The US FCC defines ionizing radiation as wavelengths smaller than 124 nm (which corresponds more or less to the ionization energy of both oxygen and hydrogen, so it is a sensible definition).
The "most starlight" part is a bit trickier. Stars emit light in a wide spectrum (approximately black body radiation) depending on their temperature: hotter stars emit bluer light and are more luminous, but very rare, while cooler stars are redder and fainter, and much more common. Yellow stars (spectral type G), like the Sun, emit mostly between 400 nm and 750 nm (visible spectrum), while red stars (spectral type M) mostly emit from 700 nm to 1000 nm,
So let's say that you want all the light with wavelengths of 1000 nm or smaller turned into ionizing radiation. That gives us a blue-shift of 1+z = lambda_obs/lambda_em = 124 nm/ 1000 nm = 0.124.
The relation between speed and blue(/red)-shift is given by the relativistic Doppler effect:
1+z = sqrt((1+beta)/(1-beta))
where beta=v/c and c is the speed of light. Solving for beta
beta = ((1+z)^2 -1)/((1+z)^2 +1)
And plugging the numbers, you get beta = -0.970, where the minus sign means that you are moving towards the star. At 97% of the speed of light.
If you only wanted to turn most of the sunlight into ionizing radiation, you would need "just" 94.7% of the speed of light.