From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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You can use about any laptop with Linux. I would say take a current laptop and boot into a distro using a live usb. This will let you try it without installing it. You do occasionally run into issues with some hardware: fingerprint, wifi, trackpad, etc. So this is a good test.
But otherwise if you want a laptop that guarantees Linux support: Framework, System76, Tuxedo
An old Thinkpad is what most people recommend for Linux. Another good option is a Framework laptop, which is what I personally use and highly recommend! Another good option is any laptop from System76. Their systems come pre loaded with Linux, I think specifically PopOS, but don't quote me on that part specifically. As for which distro to choose, there isn't a "best" option for beginners per say. Those three distros you just mentioned would all serve you well as a beginner. If you want the best recommendation for all of your needs/concerns, I would recommend taking the quiz on distrochooser.de, but whichever beginner option you choose should serve you well. Hope this helps!