Yeah but even data sits in the context of a culture that sets up the experiment and sample design to get the data.

And most data is expensive AF. I did a recent calculation to figure out how much it cost us to get around 3000 samples of a particular data type. The answer was in the tens of millions, over decades,.and multiple careers. and it's still not remotely enough to capture the variation we know exists.

I wrote.om this the other day, but it's something the op.is alluding to, but maybe didn't quite hit. Every scientific statement of fact must have some epsilon of uncertainty associated with it, and this includes our data. Did they GPS unit lie to you about where you where? was there some other source of interference with the instrument? How much confidence do you have in the voltage it was actually detecting? How about the physical principles the instrument is based on? How confident are we in those?

It's epsilons the way down. But that's actually fine And important. The facts and the data need to be able to be rejected when they are wrong. If we haven't left even a tiny hole of uncertainty we can escape out of, it's left the realm of science and has become dogma