You mean that you just want to have one configuration entry? I doubt that it's possible.
What you could do is creating multiple entries, but you need filter within a template.
{% if value_json['tags'].path == '/mnt/hdd' %}
{{ (value_json['fields'].used_percent | float(default=0)) | round(2) }}
{% else %}
{{ states('sensor.disk_use_percent_sdb3') }}
{% endif %}
Having had a similar use case, I ended up configuring device specific topics within telegraf.