No Stupid Questions

I would imagine our hunter gatherer ancestors had a far easier time falling asleep given their activity level during the day, their diet, and their lack of artificial lighting (particularly blue light).

Some people can. In the bonus material for the LOTR extended edition, Elijah Wood talks about how he can fall asleep virtually on command, and this comes in very handy in film acting, where you often have many periods of waiting in between being able to work. Other cast corroborate this, commenting on seeing him sleeping frequently.

I basically can. If I lay down I can daydream into hynagogic imagery and then it's sleep from there. I used to be an Insomanic but the last few years have been pretty easy.

I remember from the book "Why We Sleep" that our sleep cycle takes cues from both light and temperature levels throughout the day, which we isolated ourselves from in modern times. The day doesn't end after sundown anymore thanks to lightbulbs, and many of us live at a constant temperature due to AC. That's two clues of "night is near, prep to sleep" that we no longer receive. Maybe our ancestors had an easier time due to more consistent clues?

Sleep now is a lot more difficult than sleep 100 years ago.

Light matters. Blue light from computer screens has been tied to sleep issues. The theory is that it mimics certain bandwidths of sunlight that our eyes are primed to read as "daytime, get up and start moving."

Hydration and food matters. You need to be in a good state but shouldn't consume much right before bed.

Exercise matters. A lot of people have trouble sleeping if they move around a lot before bed. Since we have electric lights and can stay up very late doing stuff, it's hard for your body to know it's time to start winding down.

Best solution I've found: no caffeine after noon, consistent bed schedule (both going to sleep and waking up), black out curtains and/or sleep mask, earplugs/earbuds/brown noise track, and stop using screens an hour or two before bedtime.

Actual insomnia has been documented forever, it's something going wrong, but I do think struggling to sleep in general is our modern lifestyles. Back in my grandads day the majority of people got up early, went out to work hard physical jobs, came home exhausted, had dinner and maybe a bit of family time, then in bed by 9pm. Women at the time often stayed at home but that involved a lot more physical work than we do these days, you'd wash the clothes by hand, heat up the water in a pot for washing up, always busy.

Modern life is brilliant, we have more time to do stuff we enjoy, but we're just not that physically challenged.

First, for something to be and evolutionary advantage, the people that struggle to fall asleep would have to die more easily or fail to reproduce, while in this case I can only see the opposite: dropping dead asleep regardless of the environment means to be an easy prey.

Secondly, the reason you probably see it as a downside is because of the hectic way most people go through life today, were you can hardly find a time to sleep; but it's not that during our evolution we could hunt 16 hours/day, nobody was in an hurry :)

Years I I remember reading something about it as an evolutionary necessity. I have no reference now. Anyway it says that having in a tribe people accustomed to fall asleep at different times and in different condition allowed to have always at least one person on a watch for dangers coming from the outside. This does nor explain why people struggle to fall asleep for long hours, but at least it gives a partial explanation.

I'd love to be able to sleep on command.

Usually I need to take a melatonin pill after tossing and turning before I get some sleep.

We can't? I've never had a problem. I simply lay down and turn my brain off. Asleep within 5 minutes.