Linux

Don't store any personal information on the company computer.

Anything you do, they may be able to monitor, back up, recover, etc

Don't look at porn on the company computer, Don't use Facebook on the company computer, don't like sketchy models on Instagram from the company computer.

If they just gave you a computer budget, and then ask you to return the computer at the end, and they don't run any of the software... You could use full disc encryption, and then reformat put a new key on it when you return it. You could just take the disc out, and replace it with a new disc when you return it

Deleting a file does not overwrite the data. It just marks that area of the drive as "free". Using forensic tools (or simply dd) you can read data from "empty" parts of the drive. To be save you have to overwrite each file. You can try tools like shred to scramble the data of a file before deleting it, but as they say themselfes, unfortunately your filesystem might not actually let you do that (scroll to the CAUTION section).

You can use dd to write bytes to arbitrary places of the drive, but again, the filesystem might lie to you where a file is actually located. The ONLY way to be entirely sure is to wipe the whole drive. And if your IT does not do that before handing a system to a new employee, then they are not doing their job correctly.

Not legal advice: just tell them you installed a few viruses (while the system was not connected to the company network of course) and they should nuke the system before handing it to anybody else.

(You can also wipe the drive yourself by booting from a stick and overwriting the entire drive)

I used to replace the disk drive before handing it in. That way, for a minimal investment, I'd get to keep my data and they got a never before used drive. That's only possible if your laptop has an upgradeable. drive rather than a soldered on one.

You can use shred instead of rm, but even there the chance of recovering the files exist. If you have you homedir encrypted, just nucking the encrypted drive would do. Or you can replace the drive with a new, cheap one.

The usual advice is that you can’t so you have to destroy the drives. People like that because it’s a funny answer and it makes them feel good to care more about information than a physical object.

The unusual advice is that you can’t, so just call the drives secure delete command and don’t worry about it. People don’t like that because it’s at the right hand side of the bell curve meme and they’re not monks.

The complex advice is that it really depends on what you want to erase, why, and to what extent you’re expecting someone to invest in recovering it.

The simple advice is to just pay for the drive and keep it.

I'll be the naysayer and say you should not do this.

From an IT perspective, it's entirely unnecessary. You are potentially tampering with company property by destroying user data and files, even your own. What you make and do on this computer belongs to the company, so deleting your user folder could violate contracts you signed in onboarding. Say you neglect to upload a file to a shared drive and your boss needs it after you leave the company. If IT already wiped the computer, that's on them and not your fault. But if you proactively deleted these files and IT hadn't gotten around to giving the laptop to the next person, that could be actionable even after your employment is over.

From a practical perspective, your company's IT team should be wiping and reinstalling the OS in between users. Even on Windows and MacOS, this is standard practice and a non issue to anyone who has 30 minutes to spare during onboarding computer setup. If your company isn't doing this, that isn't your problem because again, this is company property. Don't use personal stuff on the laptop if you're concerned about the next person getting access to those files.

If you use shred instead of rm to delete a file, the contents should be unrecoverable for all practical intents and purposes.

I don't believe shred can work recursively on a directory structure, like rm, so you'll have to cobble something together with the find command I guess.

after rm fill up the file system with random data a few times, then copy /etc/skel/ over to get the default configs back. maybe, if you're paranoid, use a few apps like browsers, so if they actually look, there will be misleading results.

Use IBM's "wipe" command, not just rm -rf.

Wipe overwrites the files ( you don't need to use the default many-times method: that's for spinning-platters ), but it makes undeleting stuff require serious work, instead of just some fs-surgery, if that's significant to/for you.

wipe is available with many distros, iirc.