Vexillology

Wales’ status is somewhere between Scotland (with its own legal system, school curriculum and NHS) and Cornwall (a part of England which was once a distinct celtic nation). It was conquered by the English rather than its ruling elites being convinced to voluntarily unite, so was governed as if it was essentially a corner of England where some of the locals speak a funny language (which the authorities tried to cane out of them in schools). Now it has a parliament-like assembly, though without the legislative power of the Scottish one, and Welsh is officially used on signage throughout Wales (alongside English).