this post was submitted on 04 Feb 2024
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I feel like I'd use "Fell in a hole" if I took up most of the space of the hole, and could probably get out on my own, while I'd use "Fell down a hole" if I took up very little of the space of the hole, and couldn't get out on my own.
If I were to rely on my "guts":
However I'm not a native speaker, and my L1 is rather relaxed when it comes to what prepositions convey. And from a quick websearch, Google lists 3.3M occurrences for "fell in a hole", 2.2M occurrences for "fell into a hole" and 820k for "fell down a hole"; that hints for me that, by default, speakers would use "in a hole" here, unlike I would.
I could say "I fell in a hole" to mean either case (I was in or out of the hole beforehand), but for "I fell into a hole" I would only use it when starting outside the hole. (native speaker)
Like on the one hand it could mean "I fell [while I was] in the hole"
But it could also mean "I fell [and then I was] in the hole"