this post was submitted on 22 Nov 2023
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Programming

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I just recently started documenting my code as it helped me. Though I feel like my documentations are a bit too verbose and probably unneeded on obvious parts of my code.

So I started commenting above a few lines of code and explain it in a short sentence what I do or why I do that, then leave a space under it for the next line so it is easier to read.

What do you think about this?

Edit: real code example from one of my projects:

async def discord_login_callback(request: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponseRedirect:
    async def exchange_oauth2_code(code: str) -> str | None:
        data = {
            'grant_type': 'authorization_code',
            'code': code,
            'redirect_uri': OAUTH2_REDIRECT_URI
        }
        headers = {
            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
        }
        async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
            # get user's access and refresh tokens
            response = await client.post(f"{BASE_API_URI}/oauth2/token", data=data, headers=headers, auth=(CLIENT_ID, CLIENT_SECRET))
            if response.status_code == 200:
                access_token, refresh_token = response.json()["access_token"], response.json()["refresh_token"]

                # get user data via discord's api
                user_data = await client.get(f"{BASE_API_URI}/users/@me", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {access_token}"})
                user_data = user_data.json()
                user_data.update({"access_token": access_token, "refresh_token": refresh_token}) # add tokens to user_data

                return user_data, None
            else:
                # if any error occurs, return error context
                context = generate_error_dictionary("An error occurred while trying to get user's access and refresh tokens", f"Response Status: {response.status_code}\nError: {response.content}")
                return None, context

    code = request.GET.get("code")
    user, context = await exchange_oauth2_code(code)

    # login if user's discord user data is returned
    if user:
        discord_user = await aauthenticate(request, user=user)
        await alogin(request, user=discord_user, backend="index.auth.DiscordAuthenticationBackend")
        return redirect("index")
    else:
        return render(request, "index/errorPage.html", context)
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[–] shrugal@lemm.ee 7 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

I like to do two kinds of comments:

  • Summarize and explain larger parts of code at the top of classes and methods. What is their purpose, how do they tackle the problem, how should they be used, and so on.
  • Add labels/subtitles to smaller chunks of code (maybe 4-10 lines) so people can quickly navigate them without having to read line by line. Stuff like "Loading data from X", "Converting from X to Y", "Handling case X". Occasionally I'll slip in a "because ..." to explain unusual or unexpected circumstances, e.g. an API doesn't follow expected standards or its own documentation. Chunks requiring more explanation than that should probably be extracted into separate methods.

There is no need to explain what every line of code is doing, coders can read the code itself for that. Instead focus on what part of the overall task a certain chunk of code is handling, and on things that might actually need explaining.