Another main goal for reclamation is to restore the landscape so that it ties into the surrounding, undisturbed landscape and to bring back the ecosystems that were obliterated during human activity. To do this, reclamation practitioners must consider the species they will use during revegetation. While some species may occur in undisturbed locations, and we may want them to come back, planting or seeding them may not be feasible. In most cases, a lot of the native vegetation we want is not available commercially, so we're forced to make due with which native species ARE available or locally collect these seeds ourselves, which is very time consuming.
The general steps for species selection are:
- determine which species are common to each site series and those that existed on the landscape
- review guidance documents (government?) and consider dominant overstory and understorey species for area we intend to reclaim
- determine which species are commercially available, or easily harvested - these will become the foundation of our revegetation prescription
- Plant the species. In some cases, we may want to intensively plant in some locations, creating vegetation islands. If there are existing areas of natural vegetation, we also want to try and protect these from degrading as they are an important source of seeds.
- monitor the recovery of our planted species; adapt our strategy if things aren't going well
- test the efficacy of our new list at another location. If we got it right the first time, keep revegetating
- continue to adapt our strategy as we learn new things.
To add to that, with the changing climate, species are moving northward, so I would say it would be helpful to check and see what species migration might look like in your area.
I would also highly recommend checking out any indigenous groups in your area. In the US many Native Nations have climate action plans that talk about species migration.
Also, when possible, incorporate habitat needs in your slections.
Some industry members are being pre-emptive and offering climate predictions and ecohydrological modeling to help select reveg species. I've also se them try and predict soil carbon.
This type of foresight is rare though.
It's a symptom of how remediation and restoration currently occurs. So often sites just languish untill a developer comes in. These sites left to manage on their own can yeild usuful information about revegation/rewilding however.
Are you referring to abandoned sites? I agree they can provide useful insight. I find reclaiming abandoned sites super interesting, since it's a public health risk, and public funds are needed to fix the site. Since there is no proponent other than the regulator, you can develop a strategy that industry entities might not go for.
A lot of the permits to operate have clauses in them that they should chase progressive reclamation wherever possible, but a lot of the abandoned sites are pre-1980s, when these clauses started to show up
Yes, talking about abandoned sites. Even with progressive reclamation clauses, it's always such a matter of local regulatory buy-in, funds to achieve the restoration, and the firms/companies actually committed to progress restoration practices.
Don't even get me started on Reclamation bonding. They don't set nearly enough aside to offset closure costs if they walk way.
And they still walk away. Just look at Minto in the Yukon
I mean, usually the whole business model is set up to enable walking away!