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Almost all VPNs are vulnerable to traffic-leaking TunnelCrack attacks - Help Net Security
(www.helpnetsecurity.com)
this post was submitted on 08 Sep 2023
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I mean, a VPN is kinda meant for untrusted networks.
The linked paper in the article is quite detailed, and describes the first step.
Essentially, most VPNs are configured by default to allow local network access (so, internet traffic goes through the VPN, but you don't need to disconnect from the VPN to use your printer).
The attack requires the rogue network to assign IP addresses in the range of the targeted server. So if they know the server you are trying to access, they can make your local network contain the target servers IP. At which point, the VPN client will treat it as local traffic, and try to reach it through the local rogue network.
VPN clients can be configured around this.
It's also always worth making sure a network that you don't know is serving rfc1918 addresses.