this post was submitted on 24 Aug 2023
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Not sure if this is a credible source, but it sounds reasonable. They go into 10 milk type products in the article. Here's the info on goat milk.
From Brightly
Goat's Milk
Impact on the Environment: Higher Carbon Emissions When Accounting for Transportation
Impact on Natural Resources: Take Up Less Space And Water Than Cows
Goats produce dairy milk that shares many of the same environmental impacts as cows and other livestock―habitat destruction, water use, and carbon emissions. Goat’s milk is not significantly better for the environment than cow’s milk, especially in comparison to non-dairy, plant-based alternatives. However, it does have a few advantages over cow’s milk.
Goat farming requires less water and land than cattle farming, and they produce less manure―presenting a low threat to nearby water sources. Additionally, the goat farming industry is considerably smaller than that of cow’s, and thus is primarily absent from mass-milking operations and large agribusiness corporations.
So DIY goat milk is the most sustainable animal source?
Let me start by saying I am not a dairy farmer, and we're discussing non-vegan things on a vegan space, so I want to respect this is their space and not get into too deep a discussion about this here.
I come to these spaces to try to learn to be more vegetarian/vegan. My personal feelings come from an ecology basis though, not a moral one like many here. I feel education is the way to promote these things, so I found some links with solid sounding data comparing water consumption between cows, goats, and sheep.
To stay on topic for this post, all are still worse ecologically than plant derived sources.. For your question though, sheep may beat out goats depending on what aspects you value most, but it's a very well researched and detailed field of study if you are interested. Big Ag means Big Data.
Anyway, here are your links, and to everyone else, I hope this is a respectful response, and if not, I will take the post down.
MILK SHOWDOWN: COW VS. SHEEP VS. GOAT
Dairy, Drought and the Drying of the American West
The Value of Water