Composting

Technically, proper composting itself should be hot enough to kill off any seeds. Boiling should definitely be good enough. My guess is they don't want people just loading up the compost with weedy yard waste

I am surprised a city would have a rule against seeds. Their industrial composting should be good enough to kill seeds. That said, boiled seeds should be super dead.

I am curious- what veggie scraps you use that have seeds?

Proper composting not only destroys seeds, it also kills pathogens like e. coli and salmonella while even breaking down things like diesel and TNT.

There's a ton of misinformation about composting and I think the central cause is that multiple decomposition methods that produce different results are all lazily called composting by lay people.

As an example, composting uses biological heat produced by thermophilic microorganisms (mostly bacteria) to destroy pathogens etc. and which eat the material to produce compost. Worms, used in vermiculture, do not raise the temperature, have much less success destroying pathogens, and produce worm castings, which are physically distinct from compost and typically sell for around 10x the price.

I've even seen discussions where people think that fire, which produces ash, is compost. Like... you can see a pile of compost, and a pile of ash, and literally can't tell the difference? Add water (and oxygen) to compost and you'll get compost tea for plants and trees. Add water to ash and you'll get lye used in drain cleaner products. They are not the same.

(I would’ve normally said no, but then I remembered there are seeds that require a wildfire to germinate)

Assuming you're bringing your stock to a boil before reducing to a simmer, thirty minutes ought to be more than enough time to kill the seeds in your vegetable scraps.

/no seeds/

...what about stems?