PiecePractical

So, while in think there are certainly fair criticisms to be made of allowing patents on plants, the paper you linked is kind of just low quality fear mongering. It's heavy one scare tactics and light on facts. I wouldn't let anything in this paper keep you up at night without verifying it through a more reputable source.

To try to answer your questions though;

1. I really don't understand why you think it wouldn't be. There are some sources recommending that boliological waste made up of the GMOs themselves be sterilized before leaving lab conditions but if you eat a GMO and it passes through your digestive track there will be few if any living GMO cells remaining. Particularly in the case of peppers, mammals' digestive tracts will destroy pepper seeds. That's why they're spicy, it's ironically a defense mechanism to keep us mammals from eating them.

2. At any rate, 1is kind of a moot point because the paper you linked clearly states that wild peppers were cross bred with commercial peppers. That's very traditional plant breeding, no mention of GMOs. Given the blatant fear mongering in the rest of the paper, I'd be floored if they missed a chance to scare people about GMOs in these peppers. So unless the peppers you're asking about are different from the ones in the paper, I'd say they're definitely not GMOs. Also, I don't believe there are any GMO peppers on the market at present.

3. The short version is this. A company, let's say Pioneer seed, patents a breed of corn that has, let's say increased stalk strength for windstorm prone areas. A farmer buys and plants those seeds, sells the resulting crop. The only difference from heirloom seeds is that the farmer is legally prohibited from using that crop as seed corn and selling that crop.

4. So in principle, there isn't really an impact on society from patented seeds. In practice, some of the patent holders have been overly aggressive with there enforcement. IMHO, this is a patent enforcement issue not an issue with the parents themselves. I don't know about Europe but I know that here in the US there is a problem with dubious patents being approved and enforced but again, that's patents as a whole not just seed patents. At this point I'd be more worried about what happens without seed patents. Nobody is going develop seeds except universitys which (at least here in the US) are criminally underfunded. Effectively, our crop technology would stagnant without serious increases in public University funding which I'm a huge supporter of but sadly, can't imagine happening in my lifetime.

I hope I'm not coming off as an asshole here. Just trying to answer your questions honestly.

Since it sounds like you've lived mostly in the south, I'm going to quote some advice my wife gave to a co-worker when she first moved up Georgia.

"You may think you have winter clothes but, you do not. Buy a coat, gloves and, a hat when you get here. They don't carry them heavy enough down there."

Also, if you're going to try to be outside in the winter, consider bomber hats these if you're not familiar. They look dopey but you wouldn't believe how much warmer they keep you. I keep one in the car for emergencies and I'm convinced it's saved my life during some breakdowns at -50.

Don't fall into the St. Cloud mentality of the Twin Cities being 45-60 minutes away meaning you can't take advantage if it.

Also, don't fall for the "The cities are a war zone, you'll get shot down there" crap that a lot of people outside the metro try to sell. Minneapolis really isn't any worse than any other city that size and neither is St. Paul. A lot of the people who are deathly afraid of the cities are really just afraid of cities in general and don't have any real concept of what is or isn't a bad neighborhood.

Also, I'm seconding the food recommendations but I'd add that my wife and I were in St. Cloud this spring and we went to Arroy Thai & Filipino which was also great.

Yeah, back when my wife and I were dating she lived not far north of there. It was shitty but I still bought a lot of toothbrushes, deodorant and such there when I unexpectedly ended up spending the night. Sad to see it go.

I'll go first.

I had a long distance GF when I was in my 20s. We only saw each other about once a month so obviously we spent a fair amount our limited time together fucking because, 20 year olds.

So, we're going at one Saturday afternoon and halfway through, I hear a group of guys on the other side of the bedroom wall making fake sex noises to mock us. Normally a pretty passive guy but in what might have been my most "establish dominance" moment to date, I just fucked her harder because she was a screamer and I knew she'd drown out any noise these dudes were making.

Anyway, that's how we found out that the exterior walls of that apartment were just as thin as the interior walls.

Not playing with it yet but, the wife and I just decided to order a Lelo Tiani. We've been seeing a bunch of ads for a similar toys on TicTok. https://www.lelo.com/tiani-duo

I like to say "don't become an anecdote."

Lol, this makes me think of a guy I went to highschool with. He was a farm kid who would get up early and work around the farm before school. One day he spills gas on his flannel shirt before school but doesn't have time to change so he figures it'll air out enough on his way to work (it didn't). Second or third class of the day was shop. He starts working in the welding booth without stopping to put on the flame retardant overcoat. A hot spark hit that gas soaked flannel and dude light up like the human torch. He had some serious burns but makes a full recovery. For years after that though, the shop teacher used to say to anyone who complained about the overcoats, "go ask Phil if they're worth it or not".

I had a friend in highschool who's dad had lost part of his pointer finger to an encounter with a saw blade. He had just a little bit of the bone beyond the second knuckle that was weirdly pointed and it hurt like hell when he jabbed you with it. I know this because I used to help them build shit around their farm and if he caught us being unsafe he'd poke us in the chest with that damn half-finger while he yelled at us about it.

Those lessons really stuck too.

If your business relies of billions in VC money every year to stay afloat, then you don’t have a sustainable business and probably shouldn’t keep doing what you’re doing.

This right here. We need to see unprofitable "disruptors" close before they wreck existing systems and drive up the cost of living and/or drive down the quality of life for everyone. How many previously profitable businesses who provided decent jobs closed because they couldn't complete with Amazon while Amazon wasn't even technically making a profit? How much of the current housing crisis is driven by AirBNB and such? They drove up housing prices in the name of cheap weekend rentals and now the weekend rentals aren't even cheap anymore.

There used to be lots of delivery models that were profitable while paying people fairly. Door dash and others just convinced us all to cut each other's throats for a brief window of savings.

I'm not sure.

IMHO, the cast iron wouldn't be too bad maintenance wise once you got it well seasoned and learned how to use it but, that takes some time so it might be more fussing around than you'd like for the first several months. And even then, you'll probably still want a non-stick around for some recipes. The stainless sounds like it might be what you're looking but, I'm not well versed with that. The one time I tried it, the food stuck so bad that I never tried it again but, all the recommendations I've read about it since then make me think that was probably user error.

So the cleanup on enameled cast iron is super easy. Some manufacturers (LeCruset for sure, probably a few others) even bill them as dishwasher safe.

The two big problems for what you're asking for are that they're not going to hold up well to metal utensils and, they're really not anything resembling non-stick. I always use mine for pan sauces because the burnt on bits really add something when you delglaze them into a sauce. As far as something delicate like fish or eggs, you're gonna have a bad time.

I think they're a great addition to almost any kitchen but, they're far from a universal pan.

Don't spread outdated information.
The only thing this does is intimidate people from using cast iron at all and that's just a shame.

Yeah, I think this was my biggest issue when I started using cast iron. I never had much luck getting it actually clean without soap and it definitely showed in my cooking. I eventually got some better advice and started having much better results. Now my CI is my go to eggs every weekend and afterwards, I throw it in the dishpan with everything else. As long as you don't soak it, you're fine. I think the soaking thing is a big part of why a lot of manufacturers still recommend against soap and water. It's easier to tell people to not use soap and water than it is to explain the nuance of "wet it, don't soak it" and "gently wash, don't scrub into oblivion".